Interdisciplinarity: What it is and how to analyze it beforehand

For the past few years, there's been a lot of talk about multidisciplinarity or interdisciplinarity. Some people are unclear about what we mean when we discuss these issues and how we differentiate them. We're going to discuss this and propose some ways to analyze the interdisciplinary potential of a group of people.

Interdisciplinarity and multidisciplinarity are two possible approaches to developing work in a collaborative group. Each of us has a disciplinary background that stems from our studies and the professional and life experiences we have accumulated. Having a group of people with the same discipline has several advantages, mainly when the group's task is highly focused within the discipline they all share. But this is becoming less common.

What happens if something needs to be developed in a collaborative group and it spans several disciplines? It's possible to consider having several "unidisciplinary" groups. Still, the important thing is to bring together all the disciplines involved so they can discuss and reach agreements that are beneficial for everyone. How can we approach the methodology of work dynamics? In this situation, the following appear:

• Multidisciplinarity involves the juxtaposition of disciplines working within the group. Each discipline contributes its knowledge, methods, and approaches relatively independently or in parallel, without any deep fusion or integration between them. A key characteristic is independence: each discipline maintains its autonomy and its methods. The result is obtained by summing the individual contributions of each discipline. The problem is that we can arrive at solutions that fit the premises, but are not the most appropriate when combined. We therefore run the risk of arriving at a chaotic solution.

Example of a construction that tends towards chaos

• Interdisciplinarity aims to overcome the potential for absurdity by promoting the integration and active collaboration of various disciplines. Through this interaction, disciplines influence one another and combine their methods, concepts, and approaches to tackle problems more comprehensively and holistically. This collaboration generates new knowledge or provides fresh perspectives that would not arise from merely adding together the individual components. Notably, interdisciplinarity fosters the creation of new insights, leading to a deeper understanding and more complete solutions to the issues at hand.

Example of construction that follows appropriate standards

The next question would be: How can we analyze the potential of applying interdisciplinarity to a specific group of people? We can propose a series of steps, stages, or levels.

1. Identify the disciplines that can be involved and their level of essentiality. This involves creating a map of dependencies and the centrality of each of the disciplines.
   
   
2. Conduct an analysis of the people who will be working to determine which disciplines they master and what social dynamics characteristics characterize them. This can also be associated with the roles in which each person feels most comfortable working.
   
   
3. Evaluate points 1 and 2 to determine what training can be proposed and what prior training is necessary.

How can we apply all this to education? We can once again approach it in terms of the levels of skills we need to develop:

a) Necessary social skills

b) Use of collaborative work tools

c) Complementary disciplinary training. Especially those that straddle the boundaries between disciplines. It is not unusual for each discipline to use different vocabulary and methods when addressing a problem.

When planning a training activity, it's essential to consider one based on active, collaborative, and interdisciplinary learning. It's essential to identify the pitfalls that could lead to problems. It's also crucial to provide prior training to help students resolve any issues they may encounter.

Let's consider a COIL (Collaborative Online International Learning) activity that brings together students from multiple universities in various countries, with diverse languages, varied learning experiences, and different disciplines. The instructional sequence could be:

• A preliminary phase is to be carried out in each environment.
• Preliminary analysis of training, potential, and hazards.
• Preliminary training to allow the COIL activity to begin (tools, procedures, roles, timing, etc.).
• Joint capacity-building phase.
• Pose one or more problems for each group to work on. It doesn't have to be the same problem.
• Present a work plan or script. Each group can adjust it and assign roles, timing, partial, and final, inputs/outputs. This is done jointly so that groups can learn from each other.
• Work phase for each group. The progress of the process will be monitored, and any necessary assistance will be offered.
• Final phase: presentation of results, reflection, and evaluation of the activity.

One of the most interesting questions is the time required for each of these phases. It all depends on the characteristics of each activity to be developed. For the first two phases, a week may be sufficient. The group work phase must be assessed according to the circumstances and difficulties involved. The final phase, which consists of preparing a final document and presenting it, can be completed in one to two days. As before, it depends on the number of groups we have and the timing requirements we must respect.